Wie lange dauert die thread-Erstellung und Terminierung unter Windows?

Schrieb ich hier schon eine ganze Weile her, als ich hatte das gleiche grundlegende Frage (zusammen mit anderen, die gleich offensichtlich werden). Ich habe aktualisiert es zu zeigen, ein wenig mehr über nicht nur, wie lange es dauert, threads zu erstellen, aber wie lange dauert es, bis die threads starten, ausführen:

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <vector>

const int num_threads = 32;

const int switches_per_thread = 100000;

DWORD __stdcall ThreadProc(void *start) {
    QueryPerformanceCounter((LARGE_INTEGER *) start);
    for (int i=0;i<switches_per_thread; i++)
        Sleep(0);
    return 0;
}

int main(void) {
    HANDLE threads[num_threads];
    DWORD junk;

    std::vector<LARGE_INTEGER> start_times(num_threads);

    LARGE_INTEGER l;
    QueryPerformanceCounter(&l);

    clock_t create_start = clock();
    for (int i=0;i<num_threads; i++)
        threads[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 
                            0, 
                            ThreadProc, 
                            (void *)&start_times[i], 
                            0, 
                            &junk);
    clock_t create_end = clock();

    clock_t wait_start = clock();
    WaitForMultipleObjects(num_threads, threads, TRUE, INFINITE);
    clock_t wait_end = clock();

    double create_millis = 1000.0 * (create_end - create_start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC / num_threads;
    std::cout << "Milliseconds to create thread: " << create_millis << "\n";
    double wait_clocks = (wait_end - wait_start);
    double switches = switches_per_thread*num_threads;
    double us_per_switch = wait_clocks/CLOCKS_PER_SEC*1000000/switches;
    std::cout << "Microseconds per thread switch: " << us_per_switch;

    LARGE_INTEGER f;
    QueryPerformanceFrequency(&f);

    for (auto s : start_times) 
        std::cout << 1000.0 * (s.QuadPart - l.QuadPart) / f.QuadPart <<" ms\n";

    return 0;
}

Beispiel-Ergebnisse:

Milliseconds to create thread: 0.015625
Microseconds per thread switch: 0.0479687

Den ersten paar thread starten, mal schauen wie diese:

0.0632517 ms
0.117348 ms
0.143703 ms
0.18282 ms
0.209174 ms
0.232478 ms
0.263826 ms
0.315149 ms
0.324026 ms
0.331516 ms
0.3956 ms
0.408639 ms
0.4214 ms

Beachten Sie, dass obwohl diese passieren, um monoton steigende, das ist nicht garantiert (obwohl es ist definitiv ein trend in diese Allgemeine Richtung).

Als ich das erste schrieb, die Einheiten, die ich verwendet, mehr Sinn-auf einem 33 MHz 486, diese Ergebnisse waren nicht kleine Fraktionen wie diese. 🙂 Ich nehme an, eines Tages, wenn ich das Gefühl ehrgeizig, sollte ich diese umschreiben zu verwenden std::async zum erstellen der threads und std::chrono zu tun, das timing, aber...

War ich neugierig auf die moderne Windows-Taskplaner, so schrieb ich ein weiteres test-app. Ich habe mein bestes versucht bei der Messung der thread halt mal durch Optional spinning bis ein thread beobachten.

//Tested on Windows 10 v1903 with E5-1660 v3 @ 3.00GHz, 8 Core(s), 16 Logical Processor(s)
//Times are (min, average, max) in milliseconds.

threads: 100, iterations: 1, testStop: true
Start(0.1083, 5.3665, 13.7103) - Stop(0.0341, 1.5122, 11.0660)

threads: 32, iterations: 3, testStop: true
Start(0.1349, 1.6423, 3.5561) - Stop(0.0396, 0.2877, 3.5195)
Start(0.1093, 1.4992, 3.3982) - Stop(0.0351, 0.2734, 2.0384)
Start(0.1159, 1.5345, 3.5754) - Stop(0.0378, 0.4938, 3.2216)

threads: 4, iterations: 3, testStop: true
Start(0.2066, 0.3553, 0.4598) - Stop(0.0410, 0.1534, 0.4630)
Start(0.2769, 0.3740, 0.4994) - Stop(0.0414, 0.1028, 0.2581)
Start(0.2342, 0.3602, 0.5650) - Stop(0.0497, 0.2199, 0.3620)

threads: 4, iterations: 3, testStop: false
Start(0.1698, 0.2492, 0.3713)
Start(0.1473, 0.2477, 0.4103)
Start(0.1756, 0.2909, 0.4295)

threads: 1, iterations: 10, testStop: false
Start(0.1910, 0.1910, 0.1910)
Start(0.1685, 0.1685, 0.1685)
Start(0.1564, 0.1564, 0.1564)
Start(0.1504, 0.1504, 0.1504)
Start(0.1389, 0.1389, 0.1389)
Start(0.1234, 0.1234, 0.1234)
Start(0.1550, 0.1550, 0.1550)
Start(0.2800, 0.2800, 0.2800)
Start(0.1587, 0.1587, 0.1587)
Start(0.1877, 0.1877, 0.1877)

Quelle:

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <chrono>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std::chrono;

struct Test
{
    HANDLE Thread = { 0 };
    time_point<steady_clock> Creation;
    time_point<steady_clock> Started;
    time_point<steady_clock> Stopped;
};

DWORD __stdcall ThreadProc(void* lpParamater) {
    auto test = (Test*)lpParamater;
    test->Started = steady_clock::now();
    return 0;
}

DWORD __stdcall TestThreadsEnded(void* lpParamater) {
    auto& tests = *(std::vector<Test>*)lpParamater;

    std::size_t finished = 0;
    while (finished < tests.size())
    {
        for (auto& test : tests)
        {
            if (test.Thread != NULL && WaitForSingleObject(test.Thread, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
            {
                test.Stopped = steady_clock::now();
                test.Thread = NULL;
                finished++;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

duration<double, std::milli> diff(time_point<steady_clock> start, time_point<steady_clock> stop)
{
    return stop - start;
}

struct Stats
{
    double min;
    double average;
    double max;
};

Stats stats(const std::vector<double>& durations)
{
    Stats stats = { 1000, 0, 0 };

    for (auto& duration : durations)
    {
        stats.min = duration < stats.min ? duration : stats.min;
        stats.max = duration > stats.max ? duration : stats.max;
        stats.average += duration;
    }

    stats.average /= durations.size();

    return stats;
}

void TestScheduler(const int threadCount, const int iterations, const bool testStop)
{
    std::cout << "\nthreads: " << threadCount << ", iterations: " << iterations << ", testStop: " << (testStop ? "true" : "false") << "\n";

    for (auto i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
    {
        std::vector<Test> tests(threadCount);
        HANDLE testThreadsEnded = NULL;

        if (testStop)
        {
            testThreadsEnded = CreateThread(NULL, 0, TestThreadsEnded, (void*)& tests, 0, NULL);
        }

        for (auto& test : tests)
        {
            test.Creation = steady_clock::now();
            test.Thread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadProc, (void*)& test, 0, NULL);
        }

        if (testStop)
        {
            WaitForSingleObject(testThreadsEnded, INFINITE);
        }
        else
        {
            std::vector<HANDLE> threads;
            for (auto& test : tests) threads.push_back(test.Thread);
            WaitForMultipleObjects((DWORD)threads.size(), threads.data(), TRUE, INFINITE);
        }

        std::vector<double> startDurations;
        std::vector<double> stopDurations;
        for (auto& test : tests)
        {
            startDurations.push_back(diff(test.Creation, test.Started).count());
            stopDurations.push_back(diff(test.Started, test.Stopped).count());
        }

        auto startStats = stats(startDurations);
        auto stopStats = stats(stopDurations);

        std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(4);
        std::cout << "Start(" << startStats.min << ", " << startStats.average << ", " << startStats.max << ")";
        if (testStop)
        {
            std::cout << " - ";
            std::cout << "Stop(" << stopStats.min << ", " << stopStats.average << ", " << stopStats.max << ")";
        }
        std::cout << "\n";
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    TestScheduler(100, 1, true);
    TestScheduler(32, 3, true);
    TestScheduler(4, 3, true);
    TestScheduler(4, 3, false);
    TestScheduler(1, 10, false);
    return 0;
}