Wie Sie eine wpf-countdown-timer?

Es ist nichts falsch mit der Verwendung DispatcherTimer für diesen Zweck. Jedoch, IMHO die neueren TPL-basierte async/await Paradigma macht code leichter zu Lesen und zu schreiben. Es ist auch besser immer gutes MVVM-Praktiken für WPF-Programme, als vielmehr um UI-element Werte direkt aus dem code-behind.

Hier ist ein Beispiel für ein Programm, implementiert einen countdown-timer, wie beschrieben in der Frage, aber mit diesen modernen Verfahren...

View-Modell ist natürlich, wo der Großteil der interessante code-wohnt, und sich auch dort die Hauptsache ist, die einzige Methode _StartCountdown(), die sich um die eigentliche countdown:

ViewModel.cs:

class ViewModel
{
    private async void _StartCountdown()
    {
        Running = true;

        //NOTE: UTC times used internally to ensure proper operation
        //across Daylight Saving Time changes. An IValueConverter can
        //be used to present the user a local time.

        //NOTE: RemainingTime is the raw data. It may be desirable to
        //use an IValueConverter to always round up to the nearest integer
        //value for whatever is the least-significant component displayed
        //(e.g. minutes, seconds, milliseconds), so that the displayed
        //value doesn't reach the zero value until the timer has completed.

        DateTime startTime = DateTime.UtcNow, endTime = startTime + Duration;
        TimeSpan remainingTime, interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100);

        StartTime = startTime;
        remainingTime = endTime - startTime;

        while (remainingTime > TimeSpan.Zero)
        {
            RemainingTime = remainingTime;
            if (RemainingTime < interval)
            {
                interval = RemainingTime;
            }

            //NOTE: arbitrary update rate of 100 ms (initialized above). This
            //should be a value at least somewhat less than the minimum precision
            //displayed (e.g. here it's 1/10th the displayed precision of one
            //second), to avoid potentially distracting/annoying "stutters" in
            //the countdown.

            await Task.Delay(interval);
            remainingTime = endTime - DateTime.UtcNow;
        }

        RemainingTime = TimeSpan.Zero;
        StartTime = null;
        Running = false;
    }

    private TimeSpan _duration;
    public TimeSpan Duration
    {
        get { return _duration; }
        set { _UpdateField(ref _duration, value); }
    }

    private DateTime? _startTime;
    public DateTime? StartTime
    {
        get { return _startTime; }
        private set { _UpdateField(ref _startTime, value); }
    }

    private TimeSpan _remainingTime;
    public TimeSpan RemainingTime
    {
        get { return _remainingTime; }
        private set { _UpdateField(ref _remainingTime, value); }
    }

    private bool _running;
    public bool Running
    {
        get { return _running; }
        private set { _UpdateField(ref _running, value, _OnRunningChanged); }
    }

    private void _OnRunningChanged(bool obj)
    {
        _startCountdownCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
    }

    private readonly DelegateCommand _startCountdownCommand;
    public ICommand StartCountdownCommand { get { return _startCountdownCommand; } }

    public ViewModel()
    {
        _startCountdownCommand = new DelegateCommand(_StartCountdown, () => !Running);
    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    private void _UpdateField<T>(ref T field, T newValue,
        Action<T> onChangedCallback = null,
        [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
    {
        if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, newValue))
        {
            return;
        }

        T oldValue = field;

        field = newValue;
        onChangedCallback?.Invoke(oldValue);
        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}

Wie bereits angemerkt in den Kommentaren, die oben wird funktionieren, aber wenn Sie wollen eine bestimmte Ausgabe, es ist nützlich, um IValueConverter Implementierungen passen Sie die Ausgabe, um den Anzug Benutzer-spezifischen Bedürfnisse. Hier sind einige Beispiele von denen:

UtcToLocalConverter.cs:

class UtcToLocalConverter : IValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        if (value == null) return null;

        if (value is DateTime)
        {
            DateTime dateTime = (DateTime)value;

            return dateTime.ToLocalTime();
        }

        return Binding.DoNothing;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        if (value == null) return null;

        if (value is DateTime)
        {
            DateTime dateTime = (DateTime)value;

            return dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
        }

        return Binding.DoNothing;
    }
}

TimeSpanRoundUpConverter.cs:

class TimeSpanRoundUpConverter : IValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        if (!(value is TimeSpan && parameter is TimeSpan))
        {
            return Binding.DoNothing;
        }

        return RoundUpTimeSpan((TimeSpan)value, (TimeSpan)parameter);
    }

    private static TimeSpan RoundUpTimeSpan(TimeSpan value, TimeSpan roundTo)
    {
        if (value < TimeSpan.Zero) return RoundUpTimeSpan(-value, roundTo);

        double quantization = roundTo.TotalMilliseconds, input = value.TotalMilliseconds;
        double normalized = input / quantization;
        int wholeMultiple = (int)normalized;
        double fraction = normalized - wholeMultiple;

        return TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds((fraction == 0 ? wholeMultiple : wholeMultiple + 1) * quantization);
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

Und natürlich auch ein paar XAML zum definieren der UI (wo keines der UI-Elemente haben Namen, noch die code-behind-müssen Zugang zu allen von Ihnen explizit):

MainWindow.xaml:

<Window x:Class="TestSO16748371CountdownTimer.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:l="clr-namespace:TestSO16748371CountdownTimer"
        xmlns:s="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
  <Window.DataContext>
    <l:ViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <Window.Resources>
    <l:UtcToLocalConverter x:Key="utcToLocalConverter1"/>
    <l:TimeSpanRoundUpConverter x:Key="timeSpanRoundUpConverter1"/>
    <s:TimeSpan x:Key="timeSpanRoundTo1">00:00:01</s:TimeSpan>
  </Window.Resources>

  <Grid>
    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
      <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
      <ColumnDefinition/>
    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
      <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
      <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
      <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
      <RowDefinition/>
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <TextBlock Text="Duration: "/>
    <TextBox Text="{Binding Duration}" Grid.Column="1"/>

    <TextBlock Text="Start time:" Grid.Row="1"/>
    <TextBlock Text="{Binding StartTime, Converter={StaticResource utcToLocalConverter1}}" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"/>

    <TextBlock Text="Remaining time:" Grid.Row="2"/>
    <TextBlock Text="{Binding RemainingTime,
      StringFormat=hh\\:mm\\:ss,
      Converter={StaticResource timeSpanRoundUpConverter1},
      ConverterParameter={StaticResource timeSpanRoundTo1}}" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1"/>

    <Button Content="Start Countdown" Command="{Binding StartCountdownCommand}" Grid.Row="3" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>

  </Grid>
</Window>

InformationsquelleAutor Peter Duniho